Maïa Pal
Oxford Brookes University, School of Social Sciences and Law, Faculty Member
- Historical Sociology, Public International Law, International Relations Theory, Extraterritorial jurisdiction, Early Modern History, International Relations, and 28 moreLegal History, Early Modern Europe, Marxist Legal Theory, Marxism, Historical Materialism, Political Science, Law, Political Economy and History, Colonialism, Imperialism, Empire, Race, Class, and Gender, International Law, Global Administrative Law, Political Philosophy, History of International Legal Thought, Relationship between International and National Legal Orders, Privatisation Of Public Space, Higher Education, Political Theory, Michel Foucault, Sovereignty, Capitalism, Student Protest, Critical Legal Theory, Neoliberalism, International Human Rights Law, and Martti Koskenniemiedit
- I am a Senior Lecturer in International Relations at Oxford Brookes University and have been working there since Sept... moreI am a Senior Lecturer in International Relations at Oxford Brookes University and have been working there since September 2014. I am currently focusing on two book projects: a monograph with Cambridge University Press on 'Jurisdictional Accumulation: an Early Modern History of Law, Empires and Capital' and a co-edited volume with Routledge on 'The Extraterritoriality of Law: History, Theory, Politics'.
I teach core modules on Introduction to IR, Theories of IR and Political Science, Analytical Research Methods, and optional research-based modules on 'International Trade and Migration' and 'Law, Empires and Revolutions'.
My research is primarily in international history (early-modern European and colonial state-formation), specifically the development of sovereignty and extraterritorial jurisdictions, as a basis to understand contemporary issues in global economic governance, specifically extraterritorial jurisdiction, legal subjectivity, and migration.
My work is situated in global and international historical sociology, and specifically develops historical materialism and Political Marxism in International Relations and International Legal Theory.
I also work on social movements, theories of resistance and critical pedagogies in the context of Western universities, notably through Michel Foucault's concept of counter-conduct.
I am an Editor for the journal 'Historical Materialism: Research in Critical Marxist Theory' (www.historicalmaterialism.org; http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/1569206x) and a Member of the Centre for Global Politics, Economics and Society (GPES) at Oxford Brookes University: (http://www.social-sciences.brookes.ac.uk/research/gpes/) and of the
Political Marxism Research Group at the University of Sussex: (https://politicalmarxism.wordpress.com/).
My thesis was completed in 2013 in International Relations at the University of Sussex on 'The Politics of Extraterritoriality: A Historical Sociology of Public International Law' (available at http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.574962).edit
This chapter was written for a book designed as a foundational entry point to International Relations theory. To understand Marxism in International Relations, we need to grasp the basic elements of Marx’s innovations regarding the... more
This chapter was written for a book designed as a foundational entry point to International Relations theory. To understand Marxism in International Relations, we need to grasp the basic elements of Marx’s innovations regarding the origins and functioning of capitalism. In addition, we must understand that those origins and functioning can simultaneously happen at the domestic and international level. Combining these tasks leads to arguably the most important contribution Marxism offers to IR: that the capitalist mode of production and the modern sovereign states system (that emerged roughly at the same time) are not natural or inevitable events. They are interdependent products of particular historical conditions and social relations. The work of Marxists is to map and retrace those conditions and social relations and to figure out how the capitalist mode of production and the sovereign states system emerged – as two sides of the same coin, as different coins or maybe as different currencies. Debates on the degree of interdependence between these two major historical phenomena may be ongoing, but Marxism’s achievement in IR has been to stop us from thinking about them separately.
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This chapter revisits the early modern history of extraterritoriality through the angle of the social origins of diplomatic actors and the transition to agrarian capitalism in England. Doing so breaks down the classic elitist and... more
This chapter revisits the early modern history of extraterritoriality through the angle of the social origins of diplomatic actors and the transition to agrarian capitalism in England. Doing so breaks down the classic elitist and institutionally narrow history of diplomacy, which equates extraterritoriality with ambassadorial immunity and the emergence of embassy chapels in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. By focusing on class and social structures, this chapter provides a more ‘entangled’ and contested—rather than linear and homogeneous—history of extraterritoriality and its ambassadorial origins in the early modern period. Its analysis reveals important divergences between France and England in regard to their strategies of territorialisation and use of diplomats linked to their respective social property relations. For example, the rising gentry in England and the use of 'MP diplomats' is linked to the emergence of agrarian capitalism, while the rise of the aristocracy in diplomatic posts and the mix of personal and territorial sovereignty in French embassies under Louis XIV display the regime's tactics of collaboration. Therefore, new historical and sociological avenues to research early modern extraterritoriality are opened up so as to recover how various doctrines of extraterritoriality were shaped by various social groups and different jurisdictional strategies.
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This article reviews Alex Anievas and Kerem Nişancıoğlu's How the West Came to Rule: The Geopolitical Origins of Capitalism (2014). It argues that the book offers a stimulating and ambitious approach to solve the problems of Eurocentrism... more
This article reviews Alex Anievas and Kerem Nişancıoğlu's How the West Came to Rule: The Geopolitical Origins of Capitalism (2014). It argues that the book offers a stimulating and ambitious approach to solve the problems of Eurocentrism and the origins of capitalism in growing critical scholarship in historical sociology and International Relations. However, by focusing on the 'problem of the international' and proposing a 'single unified theory' based on uneven and combined development, the authors present a history of international relations that trades off methodological openness and legal complexity for a structural and exclusive consequentialism driven by anti-Eurocentrism. By misrepresenting the concept of social-property relations in terms of the internal/external fallacy, and by confusing different types of 'internalism' required by early modern jurisdictional struggles, the book problematically conflates histories of international law and capitalism. These methodological problems are contextualised by examples from the Spanish, French and British empires' conceptions of sovereignty and jurisdiction and their significant legal actors and processes.
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In memoriam of the late Ellen Meiksins Wood, this piece firstly remembers the main achievements of her forty years of work. Secondly, it introduces one of her contributions, ‘Britain versus France: How Many Sonderwegs?’, until now... more
In memoriam of the late Ellen Meiksins Wood, this piece firstly remembers the main achievements of her forty years of work. Secondly, it introduces one of her contributions, ‘Britain versus France: How Many Sonderwegs?’, until now unavailable in an anglophone publication and reprinted in the present issue. This contribution is a useful reformulation of her arguments concerning radical historicity, the concept of ‘bourgeois revolution’, and the specificity of French and British state formation and their political revolutions – in contrast to arguments for a German Sonderweg as an explanation for the rise of fascism. Wood also provides a fruitful illustration of how to apply a social-property relations approach to the development of the rule of law in each of these states, and thus furthers opportunities for debates on the potential of Political Marxism for understanding contemporary class struggles over rights.
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This is a blog post, report and video of an event organised at Oxford Brookes University on 17 February 2017 on 'Uncomfortable Pedagogy: decolonising and diversifying the curriculum in Politics, IR, and Sociology'. Speakers included... more
This is a blog post, report and video of an event organised at Oxford Brookes University on 17 February 2017 on 'Uncomfortable Pedagogy: decolonising and diversifying the curriculum in Politics, IR, and Sociology'. Speakers included students and writers of colour sharing their experiences and thoughts on the topic, and others involved in decolonising and diversifying initiatives.
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Report and analysis of Black Lives Matter movement in San Francisco and the Bay Area, December 2014, following a demonstration and interview of organisers. Reflects on changes in tactics and on new social identities and solidarities... more
Report and analysis of Black Lives Matter movement in San Francisco and the Bay Area, December 2014, following a demonstration and interview of organisers. Reflects on changes in tactics and on new social identities and solidarities linked to queer struggles.
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The book is concerned with a specific legal concept and device, the practice of so-called early modern extraterritoriality, which lies at the intersection of early modern empires, law and capital. Classic IR literature associates this... more
The book is concerned with a specific legal concept and device, the practice of so-called early modern extraterritoriality, which lies at the intersection of early modern empires, law and capital. Classic IR literature associates this practice with the emergence of ambassadorial privileges roughly from the sixteenth century onwards, and describes it as playing a key role in explaining the emergence of modernity, sovereignty and territoriality. This role has not been sufficiently debated. In contrast, the framework developed in this book emphasises the role of social property relations in affecting the changing social origins and privileges of ambassadors and other diplomatic actors. These are determining in both contexts of the European transitions to capitalism and contrasting imperial strategies emerging from the continent. Thus, social property relations reveal another facet of the history of extraterritoriality and modern territoriality, identified as jurisdictional accumulation.
